UHI is one of the most expressed characteristics of the urban climate caused by human activity in the landscape. Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a phenomenon that occurs when urban areas experience higher temperatures compared to their surrounding non-urban areas. Results confirm the importance of urban green infrastructure for resilient cities and present the results of a long-term UHI observation in a Southeast European city. Forest-covered areas and other green parts of the city’s infrastructure express the lowest temperatures, while built-up sites are the hottest points in cities. However, the influence of external variables on UHI’s spatial expression was observed. Results show the similarity of mean temperatures over the observed period. After the delineation of UHI, calculated temperatures were put in relation to NDVI (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index) and NDBI (Normalised Difference Built-Up Index) indices for the study area. In order to explore UHI, Land Surface Temperature (LST) was calculated using Landsat 8 (OLI TIRS sensor) satellite imagery.
This work presents an analysis of the UHI phenomenon for the City of Zagreb, Croatia in the summertime period 2013–2022. It is expected that the intensity of UHI will increase with climate change.
Currently, UHI is one of the most dangerous environmental conditions for cities as well as their residents. Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a phenomenon specific to urban areas where higher air temperatures manifest in the city area in relation to its surrounding rural landscape.
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